LEX OMNIBUS : Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Administrasi Negara

Analisis Kepastian Hukum Yang Berkeadilan Dalam Penyitaan Harta Debitor Pailit Pada Perkara Pidana

David Hendrik — 2026-07-02

Konflik antara sita pidana dan sita umum dalam kepailitan merupakan persoalan yuridis yang semakin relevan seiring meningkatnya kompleksitas kejahatan ekonomi yang melibatkan korporasi. Permasalahan muncul ketika harta debitur yang telah dinyatakan pailit dan termasuk dalam boedel pailit justru menjadi objek penyitaan dalam proses pidana. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan tumpang tindih kewenangan antar rezim hukum serta mengancam kepastian hukum, khususnya bagi kreditor yang memiliki hak atas pelunasan piutang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan sita pidana terhadap harta debitur pailit serta menilai apakah pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam Putusan Nomor 284/Pid.Sus/2019/PN.MKS telah mencerminkan kepastian hukum bagi kreditor dalam konflik antara sita pidana dan sita umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundangundangan dan pendekatan kasus. Bahan hukum dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui penafsiran sistematis guna mengidentifikasi disharmonisasi norma antara Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana dan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif kepailitan menimbulkan sita umum atas seluruh kekayaan debitur, sehingga penerapan sita pidana tidak seharusnya dilakukan secara absolut terhadap harta yang telah berada dalam boedel pailit. Putusan hakim yang mengembalikan aset melalui kurator mencerminkan pendekatan progresif dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara kepentingan penegakan hukum pidana dan perlindungan kreditor. Namun demikian, ketiadaan pengaturan yang tegas mengenai prioritas antara sita pidana dan sita umum menunjukkan adanya kekosongan norma yang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan harmonisasi regulasi guna mengintegrasikan kewenangan antar rezim hukum sehingga konflik penyitaan dapat diminimalisir dan tujuan hukum berupa keadilan, kemanfaatan, serta kepastian hukum dapat tercapai secara optimal.

The Anomaly of Social Wealth Realization Following Reinstatement of Negative Fictitious Disputes in Administrative Court

Alif Wili Utama — 2026-07-06

Bureaucratic reform in Indonesia has been designed to strengthen good governance, improve the ease of doing business, and maximize social welfare through efficient public administration. One of the major legal transformations in administrative law was the shift from lex silentia negativa to lex silentia positiva under Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, which interpreted governmental silence as approval rather than rejection, thereby accelerating legal certainty for citizens and investors. This reform was further reinforced by Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation, which shortened the response period for administrative decisions to five working days. However, the absence of implementing regulations concerning the formalization of positive fictitious decisions created a legal vacuum regarding enforcement mechanisms. In response, the Supreme Court issued Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 2 of 2024, effectively reviving the doctrine of negative fictitious disputes under Article 3 of the State Administrative Court Law. This study examines the anomaly arising from the reimplementation of negative fictitious dispute mechanisms within the framework of bureaucratic reform and social wealth maximization. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches, this article analyzes whether the reinstatement of lex silentia negativa contradicts the reform agenda aimed at legal efficiency and investment facilitation. The findings indicate that the reactivation of negative fictitious disputes risks prolonging legal uncertainty, weakening bureaucratic responsiveness, and undermining the principle of wealth maximization as conceptualized by Richard Posner. Therefore, immediate regulatory harmonization is required to ensure legal certainty and preserve the objectives of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia.

Konstitusionalitas Sistem Demokrasi Otonomi Khusus Pemerintahan Daerah Dalam Negara Indonesia: Studi atas Urusan Keistimewaan Pemerintahan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Hanif Fudin — 2026-07-06

Negara Indonesia menghendaki pemerintahan DIY sebagai daerah otonom dalam kerangka otonomi khusus. Dalam hal ini, urusan keistimewaan DIY yang dinilai sebagai titik tolak otonomi khusus berdasarkan sistem demokrasi pemerintahan. Maka dari itu, kajian makalah ini berupaya menganalisa konstitusionalitas sistem demokrasi yang menyertai pemerintahan DIY, dan memberikan konsep demokrasi alternatif sebagai penguatan sistem demokrasi kedaerahan. Makalah ini diperkuat secara metodologis dengan metode legal-normative discourse, serta pendekatan constitutional-legal statute, teoritik-filosofis, konseptual, dan case approach. Atas dasar telaah kajian, bahwasanya sistem demokrasi yang menyertai urusan keistimewaan pemerintahan DIY adalah konstitusional. Akan tetapi, untuk mencapai pemerintahan yang konstitusional-demokratis, maka pemerintahan DIY harus menerapkan konsep demokrasi komunalistik sebagai alternatif-konvergensi dalam kerangka demokrasi Pancasila yang merupakan consensus democracy.Signifikasi studi makalah adalah studi hukum normatif-doktrinal yang bertolak pada norma hukum UUD NRI dan UUK DIY serta ajaran hukum yang menjadi ratio decidendi sistem demokrasi atas urusan keistimewaan pemerintahan DIY. Hal tersebut berbasis legal-normative discourse dalam meneliti norma hukum sistem demokrasi atas urusan keistimewaan pemerintah DIY dalam UUK DIY terhadap UUD NRI. Maka itu disertai pendekatan constitutional-legal statute, teoritik-filosofis, konseptual, serta case approach. Dalam hal ini, disertai metode analisis seperti content analysis dalam menganalisa diskursus hukum (konten) terhadap norma-norma hukum UUD dan UUK DIY terkait atas keadaan karakteristik pada norma hukum secara natural urusan keistimewaan pemerintahan DIY dalam UUK DIY terhadap UUD NRI.

Formulation of Criminal Sentencing System for Cybercrime Attacks on Aerospace Infrastructure : The Urgent Need for Specific Legal Regulations in Indonesia

Rona Apriana Fajarwati — 2026-07-06

Replace Cybercrime attacks targeting aerospace infrastructure including satellite communication systems, air traffic management networks, and remote sensing platforms have escalated in both frequency and sophistication, creating unprecedented risks to national security, public safety, and critical digital ecosystems. Despite these growing threats, Indonesia’s positive law does not yet provide a specific criminal sentencing framework that adequately reflects the strategic importance and high impact consequences of attacks on aerospacebased systems. This study examines the regulatory gaps in Indonesia’s cybercrime legislation by analyzing the limitations of the Criminal Code (KUHP), the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), and sectoral aviation regulations, all of which lack explicit categorization, aggravating factors, and sentencing parameters for cyberattacks on aerospace infrastructure. Using a normative juridical methodology supported by comparative analysis of international legal models including the U.S. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, the EU NIS2 Directive, and emerging space cybersecurity standards this article formulates a structured criminal sentencing system that integrates threat typologies, harm based assessment, and risk weighted punishment. The results show an urgent need for Indonesia to adopt lex specialis that defines aerospace infrastructure as critical information infrastructure, incorporates multi layered sentencing guidelines, and mandates cooperation protocols between cybersecurity, aviation, and spacetechnology authorities. The proposed model is expected to strengthen deterrence, enhance legal certainty, and align Indonesia’s cyber regulatory architecture with global cybersecurity and aerospace governance standards.

Air Law Literacy and Flight Information Region (FIR): A Study on the Need for an Educational Framework for Active Community Participation

2026-07-06

The Government of Indonesia has significantly fortified its aerial sovereignty through the realignment of the Jakarta-Singapore Flight Information Region (FIR), mandated by Presidential Regulation No. 109 of 2022. While this realignment restores air navigation control over the Riau Islands and Natuna regions—marking a pivotal legal milestone—public comprehension regarding the regulatory implications, specifically concerning "No-Fly Zones" and technical aviation law, remains suboptimal. This knowledge deficit potentially undermines public oversight and collective support for national aerospace policies. This research evaluates the extent of public participation in monitoring the implementation of FIR and No-Fly Zone regulations through a normative juridical lens and a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were synthesized via comprehensive literature reviews, in-depth stakeholder interviews, and media discourse analysis. Findings reveal that current public engagement is predominantly passive, remaining sequestered within elite academic and practitioner circles. The primary scientific contribution of this study lies in its identification of the systemic "literacy gap" in technical air law as a barrier to sovereign governance. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel, multidimensional public communication framework and a specialized air law literacy-based education strategy. By integrating these elements, the research offers a transformative model for participatory airspace governance, shifting the paradigm from state-centric control to an inclusive, community-based defense of national air sovereignty.

Green Sky for All: Reassessing State Responsibility in Achieving Equitable and Sustainable Air Transport

Clara Tobing — 2026-07-06

The transition toward environmentally friendly air transportation (green aviation) has become essential in addressing the global climate crisis. However, significant disparities between developed and developing countries in technological capacity, financing, and infrastructure risk creating unequal access to sustainable air transport. This study examines the responsibility of states in ensuring low-emission yet inclusive aviation systems from a legal development and human rights perspective, particularly the intersection between the right to a healthy environment and the right to mobility. It analyses state obligations within international frameworks, including the Paris Agreement and ICAO’s CORSIA. This paper argues that states must adopt affirmative policies, equitable financing schemes, and cross-border technological cooperation to prevent climate exclusion in the aviation sector. The study proposes a normative framework that repositions the state as a central actor in achieving an equitable and accessible green aviation system. Finally, the method incorporates a normative evaluative component. The study does not merely describe existing law but also considers the extent to which current regulatory arrangements align with the goals of fairness, inclusiveness, and sustainable development. Through this evaluative perspective, the research identifies gaps within the legal framework and proposes normative pathways that states may adopt to support an environmentally responsible and more accessible global air transport system.